Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection of poultry caused by Avian orthoavulavirus 1. It affects the respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems, with symptoms ranging from mild respiratory signs to severe neurological disorders and high mortality. Transmission occurs through direct contact or contaminated materials. Vaccination and strict biosecurity are essential for control.
Avian Influenza H9N2 is a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus that affects poultry, particularly chickens. It causes respiratory signs, reduced egg production, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Although typically associated with low mortality, co-infections can worsen disease outcomes. The virus is endemic in many regions and poses zoonotic potential. Control relies on vaccination, biosecurity, and surveillance.