Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection of poultry caused by Avian orthoavulavirus 1. It affects the respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems, with symptoms ranging from mild respiratory signs to severe neurological disorders and high mortality. Transmission occurs through direct contact or contaminated materials. Vaccination and strict biosecurity are essential for control.

Fowl cholera is a bacterial disease of chickens and turkeys caused by Pasteurella multocida. It presents in acute, subacute, or chronic forms, with symptoms including sudden death, fever, swollen wattles, nasal discharge, and lameness. The disease spreads through contaminated water, feed, or contact with infected birds. It can cause high mortality, especially in turkeys. Control relies on biosecurity, antibiotic treatment, and vaccination.