Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute viral disease of domestic poultry and manyother bird species. Newcastle disease is caused by viruses in the serotype avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1). It is a worldwide problem that ranges clinically from inapparent to a rapidly fatal condition characterized by gastrointestinal, respiratory and/or nervous signs. The many ND virus strains vary widely in virulence and tissue tropisms. The presence of virulent strains in poultry requires monitoring and control measures because the existence of the virus severely impacts commercial productivity and the international trade in poultry and poultry products. Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used to control the disease.

Avian Influenza – H9N2

H9N2 influenza virus has become endemic in different types of terrestrial poultry in multiple countries on the Eurasian continent,resulting in great economic losses due to reduced egg production or high mortality associated with co-infection with other pathogens.
Clinical signs: The H9N2 influenza virus can be transmitted by air droplet, dust, feed, or water. On its own, the H9N2 influenza did not induce obvious clinical signs or deaths in chickens. Chickens usually seemed to be healthy; few showed depression, ruffled feathers and respiratory distress. H9N2 influenza virus makes chickens more susceptible to secondary infections, especially Escherichia coli infections. Outbreaks of H9N2 can be controlled by vaccination.

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Avian Influenza – H9N2

H9N2 influenza virus has become endemic in different types of terrestrial poultry in multiple countries on the Eurasian continent,resulting in great economic losses due to reduced egg production or high mortality associated with co-infection with other pathogens.
Clinical signs: The H9N2 influenza virus can be transmitted by air droplet, dust, feed, or water. On its own, the H9N2 influenza did not induce obvious clinical signs or deaths in chickens. Chickens usually seemed to be healthy; few showed depression, ruffled feathers and respiratory distress. H9N2 influenza virus makes chickens more susceptible to secondary infections, especially Escherichia coli infections. Outbreaks of H9N2 can be controlled by vaccination.

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